# Moldova, Republic of — payment codes and schemes

> Source: https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/MD
> extracted at 2026-10-03
> Publisher: Barcoder — encyclopedia of QR, barcode and payment-code standards

## Summary

- **MIA Instant Payments** launched March 2024 with QR code support
- **310,000 users** and 1.5 billion MDL processed in first year
- **EBRD controls 51.47%** of banking market through maib and Victoriabank
- **P2P, RTP, Me2Me, and QR** payment methods available
- **USAID supported** development

## Banking landscape

### Central Bank
- **Name:** National Bank of Moldova (NBM/BNM)
- **Website:** https://www.bnm.md/
- **Role:** MIA operator, banking supervision

### Major Banks (2024)

| Rank | Bank Name | Profit 2024 (MDL M) | Owner |
|------|-----------|---------------------|-------|
| 1 | maib (Moldova Agroindbank) | 1,400 | EBRD, Invalda INVL, Horizon Capital (41%) |
| 2 | Moldindconbank (MICB) | 1,110 | Doverie-Invest Bulgaria (77.63%) |
| 3 | Victoriabank | 590 | Banca Transilvania (Romania), EBRD |

### Market Structure
- **EBRD Influence:** 51.47% direct market control
- **11 Banks Licensed:** As of 2024
- **Foreign Ownership:** Romanian, Bulgarian, international
- **Post-Reform Sector:** Major restructuring after 2014 banking fraud

### Banking Sector Health
- 18% profit growth in 2024
- Strong capitalization
- Digital transformation accelerating
- International investment presence

---

## Payment infrastructure

### National Payment Systems

| System | Operator | Type | Status |
|--------|----------|------|--------|
| MIA | NBM | Instant payments | March 2024 |
| SAPI | NBM | Automated interbank | Active |
| Card Networks | Visa, Mastercard | Cards | Active |

### MIA Instant Payments (March 2024)
- **Launch:** March 12, 2024
- **Operator:** National Bank of Moldova
- **Speed:** Seconds
- **Support:** USAID MISRA project
- **Coverage:** All major banks

### MIA Statistics (First Year)
- 310,000 registered users
- 1.5 billion MDL (~$85 million) processed
- 1.4 million transactions
- 100,000+ users in first 6 weeks

---

## QR code standards

### MIA QR Payments

| Attribute | Value |
|-----------|-------|
| **Standard** | MIA QR |
| **Operator** | National Bank of Moldova |
| **Launch** | March 2024 |
| **Types** | Static, Dynamic, Hybrid |

### MIA QR Features

**Three QR Types for Merchants:**
1. **Static QR** - Fixed merchant identifier (with or without amount)
2. **Dynamic QR** - Transaction-specific, auto-generated
3. **Hybrid QR** - Combination approach

### How MIA QR Works
1. Customer opens banking app
2. Scans merchant's QR code
3. Payment details auto-fill
4. Confirms transaction
5. Instant settlement

### MIA Payment Methods

| Method | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| **P2P (Instant Payment)** | Phone number transfers |
| **RTP (Request to Pay)** | Payment requests |
| **Me2Me** | Between own accounts at different banks |
| **QR Code** | Merchant/retail payments |

### B2B Extension (July 2024)
- Launched July 31, 2024
- Business-to-business instant payments
- Same MIA infrastructure
- QR codes for business transactions

---

## Mobile payment apps

| App Name | Bank | MIA Instant | MIA QR | P2P |
|----------|------|-------------|--------|-----|
| maib App | maib | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| MICB Mobile | Moldindconbank | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Victoriabank App | Victoriabank | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| OTP Moldova | OTP Bank | Yes | Yes | Yes |

### MIA App Integration
- All major banks connected to MIA
- Phone number registration required
- QR scanning in banking apps
- Unified experience across banks

### maib Digital Leadership
- Largest bank by assets
- Strong mobile banking
- MIA early adopter
- Agricultural sector focus

---

## Schemes

| Scheme | Type | Symbology | Adoption | Technical standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [MIA QR](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/MD/mia-qr) | Payment QR | QR Code | All banks | [`mia-qr`](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/standards/mia-qr) |
| [MIA P2P](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/MD/mia-p2p) | Phone transfer | Phone # | Growing | — |
| [MIA RTP](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/MD/mia-rtp) | Request | App | Active | — |

## Sources

- [NBM - MIA Instant Payments](https://mia.bnm.md/en/about)
- [NBM - MIA Q&A](https://bnm.md/en/content/questions-and-answers-about-instant-payments)
- [NBM - MIA One Year Anniversary](https://www.bnm.md/en/content/mia-instant-payments-one-year-innovation-and-beneficial-impact-moldovans-daily-lives)
- [maib - MIA QR Codes](https://www.maib.md/en/noutati/cu-noile-coduri-qr-mia-faci-plati-instante-personalizate-interbancare-si-cu-0-lei-comision)
- [OTP Bank Moldova - MIA](https://www.otpbank.md/en/mia-ips)
- [Mobiasbanca - MIA](https://mobiasbanca.md/en/publication/mia-ips)
- [Cadmus - USAID MIA Support](https://cadmusgroup.com/case-studies/moldovas-instant-payment-system-mia-transforms-financial-landscape-with-usaid-support/)
- [Moldpres - B2B Launch](https://www.moldpres.md/en/news/2024/07/26/24005685)
- [Logos Press - Banking Sector Control](https://logos-pres.md/en/news/who-controls-moldovas-banking-sector/)
- [NBM - Authorized Banks](https://www.bnm.md/en/content/authorized-banks-republic-moldova)

## Full country report

[MD-moldova.md](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/MD)