# VietQR
> Source: https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/standards/vietqr
> research date 2026-05-29 · extracted at 2026-10-03
> Publisher: Barcoder — encyclopedia of QR, barcode and payment-code standards
Specifications:
- [VietQR FastFund 247 — NAPAS](https://en.napas.com.vn/napas-fastfund-247-with-vietqr-code-service)
- [EMV QR Code Specifications — EMVCo](https://www.emvco.com/emv-technologies/qr-codes/)
## Overview
**VietQR** is Vietnam's national interbank QR payment standard, launched in **2021** by **NAPAS (National Payment Corporation of Vietnam)** under State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) oversight [1][1], [2][2], [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN). It is **EMVCo-MPM compliant**, with **50+ Vietnamese banks** as participants [2][2], [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN). By 2024 the NAPAS 247 instant rail processed **~8.9 billion transactions**; in the first 10 months of 2025 **VietQR volume grew +52 % YoY and value +85 % YoY** — the fastest-growing payment segment in Vietnam — with NAPAS now running at **~35 million transactions per day, nearly half of which are VietQR** [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN). **VietQR is accepted by ~2.1 million merchants** (~85 % merchant reach), driven by adoption alongside Vietnam's vibrant e-wallet ecosystem (MoMo, ZaloPay, VNPay, ShopeePay, ViettelPay).
A distinctive companion product is **VietQRCash** (launched August 2023): cardless ATM withdrawals via VietQR scan — now live at **60 %+ of Vietnam's ATMs** [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN).
## History
**2017 — NAPAS established** as Vietnam's national payment infrastructure operator under SBV [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN).
**NAPAS 247 (the underlying instant payment rail)**:
- Real-time inter-bank credit transfer system
- 24/7/365 operation
- Sub-10-second processing
- Maximum: 500 million VND per transaction [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN)
**2021 — VietQR launched**:
- NAPAS unveiled the unified QR code system in 2021 as a shared brand for Vietnamese banks [2][2]
- Adoption ramp: **14 of 51 banks** in the NAPAS network had embraced VietQR by mid-2021; **90 % of the remaining banks** expected to adopt by end of 2021 [2][2]
**Subsequent milestones** [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN), [3][3]:
- **August 2023** — **VietQRCash** launched: cardless ATM withdrawals via mobile-banking-app QR scan; now covers **60 %+ of Vietnam's ATMs** [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN), [4][4].
- **2024** — Total NAPAS 247 network volume ~8.9 billion transactions [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN).
- **First 10 months of 2025** — VietQR volume +52 % YoY; value +85 % YoY [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN).
- **October 2024** — **UPI ↔ NAPAS** linkage MoU signed between India and Vietnam (PM-level), witnessed by leaders of both countries [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN).
- **December 2, 2025** — **China ↔ Vietnam cross-border QR live**: Chinese tourists scan VietQR Global with Alipay/WeChat Pay; Vietnamese in China expected by early 2026 [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN), [5][5].
## Technical specification
VietQR adopts the **EMVCo Merchant-Presented Mode (MPM)** specification with SBV / NAPAS compliance requirements [1][1], [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN).
**EMVCo MPM foundation** [6][6]:
- Payload format: **TLV (Tag-Length-Value)** plain-text string
- Integrity: CRC-16/CCITT-FALSE appended as field `63`
- Static and dynamic QR variants supported
- Underlying symbology: [QR Code](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/standards/qr-code)
- Currency code: 704 (VND)
**Specification compliance** [2][2]:
- VietQR is described in libraries as complying with the **EMVCo MPM specification v1.1** (and later: one PHP library specifically cites EMVCo 1.5.2) [7][7]
- **NAPAS** publishes the VietQR format defining the merchant-account-information template structure for Vietnamese banks
**Modes** [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN):
- **Merchant-presented QR (static)** — printed sticker at the merchant
- **Merchant-presented QR (dynamic)** — POS terminal generates per-transaction QR with amount
- **Consumer-presented QR** — customer's app displays QR for merchant POS to scan
- **VietQRCash** — ATM-presented QR for cardless cash withdrawal
**Settlement** [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN):
- Routes through **NAPAS 247** rail
- Real-time, 24/7/365
- Sub-10-second processing
- 500 M VND per transaction limit (~USD 20 K)
**Bank account structure** [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN):
```
Bank Code (3 digits) + Account Number (variable length)
```
## Use cases
VietQR has become the dominant retail payment surface in Vietnam alongside the country's competitive e-wallet ecosystem [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN):
- **Retail point of sale** — universal merchant acceptance across modern retail, convenience stores, and small vendors. Pre-printed VietQR per merchant is ubiquitous.
- **MoMo / ZaloPay / VNPay / ShopeePay / ViettelPay e-wallet payments** — these dominant Vietnamese e-wallets accept VietQR; MoMo in particular is the leading e-wallet in Vietnam.
- **Bank-to-bank P2P transfers** — VietQR with the recipient's account encoded; transfer initiates instantly via NAPAS 247.
- **VietQRCash ATM withdrawal** — cardless cash via QR-scan at the ATM, confirm in mobile banking app, receive cash. **60 %+ of Vietnam's ATMs** support this [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN).
- **E-commerce checkout** — dynamic VietQR generated server-side per cart.
- **Bill payments and government services** — utility, telecom, insurance, tax payments via VietQR.
- **Cross-border tourism** — VietQR Global active with **China** (December 2025), MoU with **India** (UPI link, October 2024 onwards).
**Scale** [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN):
- **9.56 billion transactions (2024)** across NAPAS network
- **+30 % volume growth** (vs 2023)
- **+14.4 % value growth**
- **+106.7 % QR payment growth specifically**
- **+84.8 % QR payment value growth**
- **60 % of Vietnamese population uses QR regularly**
- **50+ banks** participating
- **60 %+ of ATMs** support VietQRCash
## Implementations
VietQR has a **healthy open-source library ecosystem**, particularly in Go and Dart — reflecting Vietnam's active developer community and the openness of the EMVCo MPM TLV format [2][2], [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN).
**Encoders / decoders:**
- **Go** — [thanhtinhpas1/vietqr-parser][8] — EMVCo VietQR parser and builder [8][8].
- **Go** — [sunary/vietqr][9] — Go encoding/decoding for VietQR per NAPAS [9][9].
- **Go** — [ducnpdev/vietqr][10] — Vietnamese VietQR generation library [10][10].
- **Dart / Flutter** — [vanvixi/vietqr.dart][11] — comprehensive Dart ecosystem with `vietqr_core` (encoding/decoding), `vietqr_widget` (Flutter UI), `vietqr_image` (PNG/JPEG export). Supports 18+ Vietnamese banks [11][11].
- **PHP** — `liopay/vietqr` (Packagist) — production-ready PHP library for VietQR per EMVCo 1.5.2 [7][7].
**General EMVCo MPM libraries** also handle VietQR payloads (since VietQR is EMVCo MPM with Vietnamese merchant-account-information templates).
**Production bank apps consuming VietQR** [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN):
- **VCB Digibank** (Vietcombank)
- **BIDV SmartBanking** (BIDV)
- **iPay** (VietinBank)
- **F@st Mobile** (Techcombank)
- **MBBank App** (MB Bank)
**Dominant e-wallets**:
- **MoMo** — largest Vietnamese e-wallet
- **ZaloPay** — Zalo messenger ecosystem
- **VNPay**
- **ShopeePay**
- **ViettelPay** — telecom-backed
## Comparison
**vs. ASEAN EMVCo MPM family ([DuitNow QR](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/standards/duitnow-qr), [PromptPay QR](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/standards/promptpay-qr), [QRIS](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/standards/qris), [SGQR](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/standards/sgqr))** — Same technical family; same central-bank-affiliated operator pattern; same 2018–2021 launch era. VietQR launched a bit later than its peers (2021 vs 2017–2019 for the others), and is following the same playbook: domestic adoption first, ASEAN cross-border integration second. The 2025 China cross-border link puts VietQR ahead of some peers in non-ASEAN connectivity [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN), [Singapore report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/SG), [Malaysia report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/MY), [Thailand report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/TH), [Indonesia report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/ID).
**vs. [UPI QR](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/standards/upi-qr) (India)** — Different wire format (UPI's `upi://pay?...` deep link vs VietQR's EMVCo TLV). The October 2024 UPI ↔ NAPAS MoU represents the political-level commitment to bridge the two formats at the network boundary [India report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/IN), [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN).
**vs. [Alipay QR](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/standards/alipay-qr) / [WeChat Pay QR](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/standards/wechat-pay-qr) (China)** — The December 2025 cross-border link enables direct interop: Chinese tourists' Alipay/WeChat apps now scan VietQR Global. This is the **bilateral wallet-to-rail bridge** model in action [China report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/CN), [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN).
**vs. dominant Vietnamese e-wallets (MoMo, ZaloPay)** — Complementary. The e-wallets historically had their own QR formats; VietQR has progressively unified the merchant-side QR even as the consumer-side wallet diversity remains (MoMo, ZaloPay, etc. all scan the same VietQR). This is the classic unified-merchant-QR / multi-consumer-app pattern shared with [SGQR](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/standards/sgqr) and [DuitNow QR](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/standards/duitnow-qr) [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN).
## Fun facts
**+106.7 % YoY QR payment volume growth in 2024** [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN) — Vietnam achieved one of the steepest QR-payment adoption curves recorded, comparable to early-Pix Brazil and early-DuitNow Malaysia. The combination of a young population, high smartphone penetration, and active e-wallet competition created perfect conditions.
**VietQRCash** — cardless ATM withdrawal via QR scan — is one of the more product-novel features in the national QR space [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN). Customer opens their banking app, scans the QR on the ATM screen, confirms amount, takes the cash. No card needed. **60 %+ of Vietnam's ATMs** support this. Other countries have implemented similar features (PromptPay-equivalent in Thailand, some Korean banks), but Vietnam was particularly early to scale.
**China–Vietnam cross-border QR launched December 2, 2025** [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN), [5][5] — Chinese tourists in Vietnam can scan VietQR Global with Alipay and WeChat Pay. Given Vietnam's high inbound tourism from China, this is one of the most consequential bilateral QR links in the region by transaction-volume potential. The Vietnamese-in-China reverse direction follows in early 2026.
**MoMo is the dominant Vietnamese e-wallet but doesn't have a country in its name** [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN) — distinctive in a regional landscape full of country-branded standards (VietQR, DuitNow, PromptPay, QRIS, etc.). MoMo is a brand that grew into ubiquity rather than being a state-sanctioned national flag.
The **NAPAS 247 rail underneath VietQR settles in sub-10 seconds 24/7/365** [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN) — Vietnam's instant payment infrastructure was built recent enough to skip the legacy-batch-clearing stage entirely. Compare with eurozone SEPA Instant (mandatory only as of 2025) or US FedNow (launched July 2023 but still ramping) — Vietnam has had instant payment as the default since 2017.
## Status
**Active and explosively growing.** Most recent metrics [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN):
- **9.56 billion transactions (2024)** — NAPAS network total
- **+30 % volume / +14.4 % value YoY**
- **+106.7 % QR volume / +84.8 % QR value YoY**
- **60 % of Vietnamese population uses QR regularly**
- **50+ banks** in VietQR
- **60 %+ of ATMs** support VietQRCash
**Cross-border** [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN), [5][5]:
- **China**: live December 2, 2025 (Chinese tourists into Vietnam; Vietnamese in China early 2026)
- **India**: UPI ↔ NAPAS MoU signed October 2024
**Strategic context** [Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN):
- NAPAS continues to consolidate VietQR adoption (target: all 51 banks in network)
- Cross-border QR expansion remains a priority
- ISO 20022 messaging implementation underway
- Vibrant e-wallet competition (MoMo, ZaloPay, VNPay, ShopeePay, ViettelPay) keeps the consumer-side dynamic
No deprecation planned. VietQR is Vietnam's strategic national QR infrastructure with a clear scaling roadmap.
## Sources
[1]: https://en.napas.com.vn/napas-fastfund-247-with-vietqr-code-service
[2]: https://en.nhandan.vn/business/item/10008402-napas-unveils-unified-qr-code-system-for-bank-transfers.html
[3]: https://www.transfi.com/blog/vietnams-payment-rails-how-they-work---exploring-napas-qr-code-standards-the-cashless-transformation
[4]: https://en.napas.com.vn/cash-withdrawal-service-via-vietqr-code-vietqrcash-184230829204909787.htm
[5]: https://technode.global/2025/12/03/china-and-vietnam-launch-cross-border-qr-payment-program/
[6]: https://www.emvco.com/emv-technologies/qr-codes/
[7]: https://packagist.org/packages/liopay/vietqr
[8]: https://github.com/thanhtinhpas1/vietqr-parser
[9]: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/sunary/vietqr
[10]: https://github.com/ducnpdev/vietqr
[11]: https://github.com/vanvixi/vietqr.dart
[vn-cro]: https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN
[sg-cro]: https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/SG
[my-cro]: https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/MY
[th-cro]: https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/TH
[id-cro]: https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/ID
[in-cro]: https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/IN
[cn-cro]: https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/CN
1. [VietQR FastFund 247 — NAPAS][1]
2. [NAPAS unveils unified QR code — Nhan Dan][2]
3. [Vietnam payment rails — Transfi][3]
4. [VietQRCash launch — NAPAS][4]
5. [China-Vietnam cross-border QR — TNGlobal][5]
6. [EMV QR Code Specifications — EMVCo][6]
7. [liopay/vietqr — Packagist][7]
8. [thanhtinhpas1/vietqr-parser — GitHub][8]
9. [sunary/vietqr — Go Packages][9]
10. [ducnpdev/vietqr — GitHub][10]
11. [vanvixi/vietqr.dart — GitHub][11]
12. [VN-vietnam.md][Viet Nam report](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN)
## Deployments
Found in the following country reports (grep across `reports/countries/`):
- **KH** — [KH-cambodia.md](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/KH)
- **LA** — [LA-laos.md](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/LA)
- **VN** — [VN-vietnam.md](https://docs.barcoder.ai/docs/payments/VN)